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11
Maintenance Section
Lubricant Specifications
EMA LRG-1 – The Engine Manufacturers
Association (EMA) has developed lubricant
recommendations as an alternative to the API oil
classification system. LRG-1 is a Recommended
Guideline that defines a level of oil performance
for these types of diesel engines: high speed, four
stroke cycle, heavy-duty, and light duty. LRG-1 oils
may be used in Caterpillar engines when API CH-4,
API CG-4, and API CF-4 oils are recommended.
LRG-1 oils are intended to provide superior
performance in comparison to API CG-4 and API
CF-4.
LRG-1 oils will meet the needs of high performance
Caterpillar diesel engines that are operating in
many applications. The tests and the test limits that
are used to define LRG-1 are similar to the new
API CH-4 classification. Therefore, these oils will
also meet the requirements of the low emissions
diesel engines. LRG-1 oils are designed to control
the harmful effects of soot with improved wear
resistance and improved resistance to oil filter
plugging. These oils will also provide superior piston
deposit control for engines with either two-piece
steel pistons or aluminum pistons.
All LRG-1 oils must complete a full test program
with the base stock and with the viscosity grade of
the finished commercial oil. The use of “API Base
Oil Interchange Guidelines” are not appropriate for
LRG-1 oils. This feature reduces the variation in
performance that can occur when base stocks are
changed in commercial oil formulations.
LRG-1 oils are recommended for use in extended
oil change interval programs that optimize oil life.
These oil change interval programs are based
on oil analysis. LRG-1 oils are recommended
for conditions that demand a premium oil. Your
Caterpillar dealer has the specific guidelines for
optimizing oil change intervals.
API CH-4 – API CH-4 oils were developed in
order to meet the requirements of the new high
performance diesel engines. Also, the oil was
designed to meet the requirements of the low
emissions diesel engines. API CH-4 oils are also
acceptable for use in older diesel engines and in
diesel engines that use high sulfur diesel fuel. API
CH-4 oils may be used in Caterpillar engines that
use API CG-4 and API CF-4 oils. API CH-4 oils will
generally exceed the performance of API CG-4 oils
in the following criteria: deposits on pistons, control
of oil consumption, wear of piston rings, valve train
wear, viscosity control, and corrosion.
Three new engine tests were developed for the
API CH-4 oil. The first test specifically evaluates
deposits on pistons for engines with the two-piece
steel piston. This test (piston deposit) also measures
the control of oil consumption. A second test is
conducted with moderate oil soot. The second
test measures the following criteria: wear of piston
rings, wear of cylinder liners, and resistance to
corrosion. A third new test measures the following
characteristics with high levels of soot in the oil:
wear of the valve train, resistance of the oil in
plugging the oil filter, and control of sludge.
In addition to the new tests, API CH-4 oils have
tougher limits for viscosity control in applications
that generate high soot. The oils also have improved
oxidation resistance. API CH-4 oils must pass an
additional test (piston deposit) for engines that use
aluminum pistons (single piece). Oil performance is
also established for engines that operate in areas
with high sulfur diesel fuel.
All of these improvements allow the API CH-4 oil
to achieve optimum oil change intervals. API CH-4
oils are recommended for use in extended oil
change intervals. API CH-4 oils are recommended
for conditions that demand a premium oil. Your
Caterpillar dealer has specific guidelines for
optimizing oil change intervals.
API CG-4 – API CG-4 oils were developed primarily
for diesel engines that use a 0.05 percent level of
fuel sulfur. However, API CG-4 oils can be used
with higher sulfur fuels. The TBN of the new oil
determines the maximum fuel sulfur level for API
CG-4 and API CF-4 oils. See Illustration 4.
API CG-4 oils are the first oils that are required to
pass industry standard tests for foam control and
viscosity shear loss. API CG-4 oils must also pass
tests that were developed for corrosion, wear and
oxidation.
API CF-4 – These oils service a wide variety of
modern diesel engines. API CF-4 oils provide more
stable oil control and reduced piston deposits in
comparison to API CF and the obsolete CE and CD
classifications of oil. API CF-4 oils provide improved
soot dispersancy in comparison to API CF and
obsolete CD oils. The API CF-4 classification was
developed with a 0.40 percent sulfur diesel fuel.
This represents the type of diesel fuels that are
commonly available worldwide.
Some commercial oils that meet the API
classifications may require reduced oil change
intervals. To determine the oil change interval,
closely monitor the condition of the oil and perform a
wear metal analysis. Caterpillar’sS·O·S oil analysis
program is the preferred method.
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